ABSTRACT
Las enfermedades tiroideas han presentado un auge en los últimos tiempos, aumentando consigo mismo el reporte de las intervenciones quirúrgicas. La tiroidectomía es una de las cirugías más practicadas en endocrinología y tras su realización se han descrito complicaciones, siendo éstas vinculadas a ciertos factores de riesgos que potencian su aparición. Se realizó búsqueda bibliográfica en el período comprendido entre febrero de 2018 a diciembre de 2019, en bases de datos internacionales (PubMed, Cochrane, SCIELO, LILACS y Redalyc) y búsqueda manual en Google Scholar, utilizando los términos complicaciones de tiroidectomías, complicaciones post-quirúrgicas, cirugía de tiroides y tiroidectomías. Se identificaron tres agrupaciones generales de factores de riesgo postquirúrgico: Factores intrínsecos de la enfermedad, comorbilidades del paciente y asociados al procedimiento quirúrgico. Es indispensable identificar y corregir comorbilidades para la prevención de complicaciones postquirúrgicas, puesto que las complicaciones continúan siendo una causa de considerable preocupación.
Subject(s)
Humans , Thyroid Diseases/prevention & control , Thyroidectomy/methods , Endocrine Surgical Procedures/methods , Databases, BibliographicABSTRACT
La tiroides es una glándula situada en el cuello, encargada de producir dos hormonas que son esenciales para el metabolismo y el crecimiento de las personas: la triyodotironina (T3) y la tiroxina (T4). La producción en exceso o la falta de estas hormonas provoca hipertiroidismo en el primer caso e hipotiriodismo en el segundo. Ambas disfunciones de la tiroides se tratan con fármacos. En este trabajo de revisión se mostrarán los efectos del ejercicio físico en las personas que sufren bien de hipertiroidismo o de hipotiroidismo, siendo un complemento al tratamiento médico(AU)
The thyroid is a gland located in the neck, responsible for producing two hormones that are essential for the metabolism and growth of people: triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). The excess production or the lack of these hormones causes hyperthyroidism in the first case and hypothyroidism in the second. Both thyroid dysfunctions are treated with drugs. This review will show the effects of physical activity in people who suffer from hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, being a complement to medical treatment(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Thyroid Diseases/prevention & control , Complement System Proteins , Exercise/physiology , High-Intensity Interval Training/methods , Thyroid Hormones/standards , Zinc/therapeutic use , EnvironmentABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Thyroglobulin (Tg) is the major glycoprotein produced by the thyroid gland, where it serves as a template for thyroid hormone synthesis and as an intraglandular store of iodine. Measurement of Tg levels in serum is of great practical importance in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), a setting in which elevated levels after total thyroidectomy are indicative of residual or recurrent disease. The most recent methods for serum Tg measurement are monoclonal antibody-based and are highly sensitive. However, major challenges remain regarding the interpretation of the results obtained with these immunometric methods, particularly in patients with endogenous antithyroglobulin antibodies or in the presence of heterophile antibodies, which may produce falsely low or high Tg values, respectively. The increased prevalence of antithyroglobulin antibodies in patients with DTC, as compared with the general population, raises the very pertinent possibility that tumor Tg may be more immunogenic. This inference makes sense, as the tumor microenvironment (tumor cells plus normal host cells) is characterized by several changes that could induce posttranslational modification of many proteins, including Tg. Attempts to understand the structure of Tg have been made for several decades, but findings have generally been incomplete due to technical hindrances to analysis of such a large protein (660 kDa). This review article will explore the complex structure of Tg and the potential role of its marked heterogeneity in our understanding of normal thyroid biology and neoplastic processes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Protein Processing, Post-Translational , Thyroid Diseases , Thyroglobulin/metabolism , Biomarkers, Tumor/blood , Glycosylation , Halogenation , Phosphorylation , Thyroglobulin/chemistry , Thyroid Diseases/blood , Thyroid Diseases/diagnosis , Thyroid Diseases/etiology , Thyroid Diseases/prevention & control , Thyroid Hormones/biosynthesisABSTRACT
Background & objectives: Universal salt iodization (USI) was implemented in all counties of China in 1995. This study was undertaken to assess the status of iodine deficiency disorders control and prevention after 10 years of implementation of USI in a severe iodine deficiency region in China. Methods: Thirty primary school were selected in Gansu province utilizing cluster sampling methodology for the years 1995 and 2005. In each selected school, 40 children aged 8-10 yr were randomly selected for thyroid and IQ examination, and urinary samples were collected from 12. On the spot casual urine samples and salt samples were collected from a subset of children included in the study. In 2005, casual urine samples were also collected from 50 pregnant and lactating women in each cluster. Effect of health education was studied by a combination method of giving questionnaires to and observing students and families. Results: The total goiter rates (TGR) were found to be 13.5 and 38.7 per cent in 2005 and 1995 respectively. The medians urinary iodine excretion levels of children were 191.8 and 119.9 μg/l in 2005 and 1995. The median urinary iodine excretion level of women was 161.9 μg/l. The mean intelligence quotient (IQ) was 96.9 in 2005 significantly more than that in 1997 (P<0.05). The health education pass rate of children and women were 21.1 and 51.1 per cent respectively. Interpretation & conclusion: After ten years of universal salt iodization (USI), iodine nutrition of people improved and the current iodine nutrition status of population was adequate. Decrease in TGR and increase in IQ showed that IDD control and prevention had made great progress through ten years USI, salt iodization played the key role in IDD control and prevention for sustained elimination of IDD, the programme of USI and other measures like health education should be persisted and enforced.
Subject(s)
Child , China/epidemiology , Dietary Supplements , Female , Goiter/diet therapy , Goiter/epidemiology , Goiter/prevention & control , Government Programs , Humans , Intelligence , Iodine/deficiency , Iodine/therapeutic use , Male , Population Surveillance , Pregnancy , Program Evaluation , Schools , Sodium Chloride, Dietary/therapeutic use , Thyroid Diseases/diet therapy , Thyroid Diseases/epidemiology , Thyroid Diseases/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Los modelos animales que se utilizan en las investigaciones sobre el tiroides ayudan al estudio de los mecanismos patogénicos que conducen a la presentación de los desórdenes de esta glándula, dan la oportunidad de explorar nuevos tratamientos y formas de prevención. El objetivo de este trabajo fue brindar una información detallada sobre los biomodelos de enfermedades que afectan el tiroides, a partir de una revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema, que comprenda los que se obtienen de forma espontánea o inducida, exponiendo los factores ambientales que influyen sobre ellos. En conclusión, se expresaron las ventajas que ofrecen estos biomodelos para los investigadores que se dedican a estudiar esta rama de la endocrinología, aunque no constituyan un reflejo exacto de lo que ocurre en el hombre y no necesariamente reúnan todas las características distintivas de la patología tiroidea en cuestión(AU)